Becareful about the assumptions on CL levels. The common ways to measure are with a boiling water test of the desalted crude. Inorganic salts are water soluable, and all of your naturally occuring salts coming in with the crude will show up. The danger is if you have organic salts, either in the...
A good resource for SMR's is the " Catalyst Handbook" by Martin Twigg. It has quite a bit of design information and worthwile trying to pick up.
In my experience, the small "can" type reformers ( up fired, up flow) generally have a small number of large 5"+ tubes. The larger down flow...
This is kind of an instrumentation / metaturgy / process questions but I think refining may be the best place to ask it.
Hydrogen migration is a normal occurance in hydrocrackers. The explanation that I have heard is that elemental hydrogen can pass through a metal structure where it may bond...
John Zink, ZeeCo, and Calidus are all options, and actually have a common history. Its best to get someone from each company to discribe it but they are all within 100 miles of each other and pretty much have a lot of employees that have worked for more than one.
Also Increased Peformance is...
There are also a variety of solid absorbents that can be used in that ppm range with fixed bed absorbers. Sulfatreat, Johnson Matthey, Unicat, etc.. have options. The flow rate and ppm are the determiner in any case on what type of system is the most economical.
Are you talking about space velocity? I would assume you are trying to design a pre reformer reactor and have some L / D concerns. I checked my reference manual, The Catalyst Handbook, by Martin Twigg, which is generally a very good syngas reference, but my edition doesn't have anything on pre...
Neither, I think. Its important to remember that not all refineries are created equal. Not every refinery has the same complexity. The latest Oil and Gas Journal Refining survey has Reliance rated at 130,000BPD of FCC capacity with a crude capacity of 660,000BPD. ExxonMobil Baton Rouge is listed...
If you have Chlorides in the LTS you have a serious problem. CL is major poison for LTS catalyst. Actually, most LTS catalyst (ZnO / CuO blends) is a pretty good Cl trap but it generally does so at the expense of the LTS catalyst activity. So if you are really experiencing CL induced stress...
If your slanted toward the refining industry, Pennwell has a good series of books. I usually start my people off with "Refining in a Non Technical Language", the catalyst one is fairly good too.
For a time I worked for the catalyst division of ICI, which is now Johnson Matthey Catalysts. We used both Alumina and Mixed Metal oxide adsorbents to remove CL but that was generally HCl. Organics are largely untouched by what I had, but that was 7 years ago. The metal oxide technology maybe...
Sour Gas Shift catalysts (catalyst that can perform the water - gas shift reaction in a high sulfur enviroment) have typically been sold on a volume basis. I do not believe that you will find any regenerated versions of the catalyst and there are only a couple of manufacturers. The two main ones...
There are also some companies using fiber optic cable as a sensor for temperature detection on the LNG lines. The cable itself is run along the line and acts as a detector. Several kilometers are possible for run lenght.One company I know of is Sensa, a division of Schlumberger. I think they...
Actually, I was doing a search on reactor profiling and ran acrosss this thread. The Gayesco products are patented in the US and with other countries. Its my understanding that big conductor, heavy walled thermocouples and sealing assemblies can't be found from anyone else. So for alot of the...
This morning I heard that it was a raffinate leak that set off the explosion. The unit was in start up. The contractor trailers were still on the unit site and were destroyed.
I worked on this type of project last year for a solvent extraction unit in the Carribean. As I recall the options were UOP, who could offer technical support for the unit and Univar who had a Chinese manufacturer.
Sorry, thats all the details that I remember. Good Luck.
There are couple of companies that buy overstock catalyst and supports. They may also buy adsorbents as well. At least you can get some of your capital back if you don't think you will use it.
Sulfatreat is not the only option. Depending on your conditions there are some very good solid scavengers from Johnson Matthey Catalysts and from Unicat Catalyst Technology. Both use a "mixed metal oxide". They can be a bit pricey but the % utilization is better.
5 ppm is quite easy. There used...
Every instance of "organic chlorides" in a cdu system I have ever run into could be traced back to either the slop oil system and a cleaning event or the purchase of a "Dumb bell" crude where the crude had been contaminated with some oil for disposal.
Other than knowing your feed sources there...
Two ideas, I know that Norit carbons has a "slurry" loading technique that might be interesting and should reduce the initial fines. Essentially they water unload and load the carbon. They have a nice video if you can get it from the local norit rep or the Univar guys.
For filter problems there...
In a lot of fix bed applications you want the support to essentially do nothing other than be hard and keep the product from moving. Some critical chemical applications will use the high purity, alpha alumina, supports because they have little effect on process streams.
There are applications...
