Miami Beach, Champlain Towers South apartment building collapse, Part 04 49

[SFCharlie]

A continuation of our discussion of this failure. Best to read the other threads first to avoid rehashing things already discussed.
Miami Beach, Champlain Towers South apartment building collapse
Miami Beach, Champlain Towers South apartment building collapse, Part 02
Miami Beach, Champlain Towers South apartment building collapse, Part 03

SF Charlie
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[Tropmet]

My apologies for joining your forum when I am not an engineer (my name is a clue to my professional interest); I wanted to post this information regarding the location of a video of rescue efforts right after the collapse. The first photo is from this video. I have enhanced the photo.

The column in the foreground is labeled for parking space 96. It is a red column. There are a number of these in the garage walkthrough video and they all have a small box on the front (facing the driving lane) that may be either a fire alarm or an intercom to security; I do not know.

I combined two stills from the other video that had a garage walkthrough, to show this area before (which includes the column that unfortunately blocks one of the lanes when you get to the NW corner - parking in this area must have been a challenge). This view faces north and is the westmost area of the parking garage. You can see the column with 96 but a car blocks the red base of this column. However you can see the box on the front of that column and also the large dark pipe that runs E-W in front of this column seen in the rescue video. The parking garage numbers followed these rules: only two sides of a column were numbered. The numbers on the sides of the columns always faced the direction a car would be driving if coming into the garage to park. They always indicated the space before that column. The other numbers faced the front of the column and indicated the next space (on the far side of the column). In this image you can also see a fire extinguisher on the column past the 96 column but the 96 column blocks the view of the missing column next to it (seen in the rescue video) that is not on the garage floor plan. However we know it is there because that parking space is wider. Above the car behind the 98 column you can just see the column that is labeled 118.

This is another still from the rescue video showing the column labeled 117/118. The 117 is on the side and the 118 on the front facing the lane.

This view shows the view to the collapsed portion of the building with the fallen ceiling on the east, and is underneath the 05 and 04 units. The 05 units were the corner units and the 04 units were just to the east on the north-facing side of the building. I have marked up the garage floor plan below to indicate the view seen here. This is not a view towards the lobby and does not provide any information regards collapse in that area of the building. I have added to the floor plan the fire extinguisher, missing column, direction of the parking spot numbers on the columns, the point of view of the camera which is looking to the northeast. I included a second floor plan showing the line between the collapse and the remaining building, which is how I was able to note this location on the garage floor plan.

 

[dik]

I don't know if it's just me, but I would be embarrassed to take photos like the ones I've seen posted.

Rather than think climate change and the corona virus as science, think of it as the wrath of God. Feel any better?

-Dik

 

[CE3527]

Tropmet - nice job, I believe this is all correct. Only slight tweak is where you have the red failure line would move slightly to the left and be on line E. It looks like the E columns stopped the further westward collapse and then there is a slight jog east to the shear wall which stopped the failure to its west. I too came to the conclusion there was a mystery column next to spot 117. It's presence is intriguing but probably insignificant, maybe original construction or some undocumented retrofit in the last 40 years?

 

[jbourne8]

Weird, where is the source on the security guard surviving? I haven't seen anything about that.. I thought his name was Jose.

Since the condo probably hired a company to install their security cameras, it's also possible it was stored off site on a backup too.. but it can take some time to pull up old video feeds from storage and prepare them in a way you can send out to a customer. Now that there are so many lawsuits too, they might not release them publicly. I also think that it's possible that we won't actually see much on them.. especially since it seems like the security guard didn't. Down in the garage they were most likely pointed towards entrances like the entrance you drive into, the elevators, I think there was a backdoor to the beach, the stairwell entrances, etc. All we'll probably see down there are the cameras getting knocked out. Upstairs they were also mostly focused on the entrances too, but I think I saw one that was pointed at the pool deck. Usually these systems have some decoy cameras that aren't really on though, especially outside of the building. There are also some notes in that 2020 doc about how around 4 of the cameras weren't operational, and it's not clear if they were fixed. We might not get any more videos that what are out now, it's hard to say.

Also, as far as I know you can drop or crush a hard drive to the point that the data isn't retrievable btw. This is actually a good way to destroy the data on a drive if you want it to be gone for good.. some companies use this method. It's not as effective as shredding, but the equipment to do it is pretty cheap.

One thing I'm a bit curious about too, is where are these storage units they keep referencing in docs? It sounds like they were in really bad shape, and were somewhere down in the garage.

 

[GPR_Tech]

Yes there are limitations on what information GPR can provide to us and reinforcing bar diameter information would be one of them. As with all NDT each method has its strength and weakness. But what GPR is exceptional at is identifying if rebar IS present and Accurately (+- 1/4”) identifying its location. This is extremely useful in identifying if the correct number of bars were placed in the correct locations. Example being, if 25% of the column strip bars are located at each column or at any other critical locations. Collar ties etc… [on a side note there are techniques GPR can use to estimate bar diameter]

 

[dik]

My comment about the photo quality was not in reference to a specific poster... but, in general the photos provided and posted lack detail, and it was a general comment and not a complaint.

Rather than think climate change and the corona virus as science, think of it as the wrath of God. Feel any better?

-Dik

 

[aggualaqisaaq]

Found this pic that was taken just after the collapse by a resident on the 8th floor in the part of the building that remained intact:

To my knowledge, this is the only photo in the public domain (for the moment) of the interior post collapse. Story here:

https://autos.yahoo.com/paris-wife-4-500-miles-201713554.html

“NOOK-yoo-ler. It’s pronounced NOOK-yoo-ler.”

 

[BKNJ]

Quote:
"One thing I'm a bit curious about too, is where are these storage units they keep referencing in docs? It sounds like they were in really bad shape, and were somewhere down in the garage."

It is. It is the triangular area to the far west. It it more-or-less under the front landscaping.

BKNJ

 

[Js5180]

JBourne,

This building likely didn’t invest massively in anything.

That means:

1. The guard and the front desk person were one and the same. There was no security guy in a back room and a desk guy as well.

2. There was no meaningful separation of video storage from video monitoring. Most NVRs contain their hard drive, and most are now using Cat-# Ethernet cable. Most likely, this building had a couple of 16 channel NVRs with built-in drives and a 10-20 day storage. These cameras are designed to spot package thieves, not collapses, and NOBODY is spending the money to create an off-site archive of 32-64 channels. Certainly, not this condo.

3. Most cameras over $100 support an onboard storage card.

Solid state storage, like flash or thumb drives, are almost always recoverable. Hard drives are fairly easily recovered, even after a building collapse. Not quite as easily as an intact solid state or thumb drive, but NIST definitely has labs that can pull unencrypted footage off a hard drive platter.

Remember - airline black boxes survive 300mph+ crashes. The fastest moving object in this collapse was 60mph. I would expect them to recover video not just from the security system but also dozens of cell phones, and directly from any cameras equipped with onboard storage and with a card in them.

 

[Murph 9000]

Also, as far as I know you can drop or crush a hard drive to the point that the data isn't retrievable btw. This is actually a good way to destroy the data on a drive if you want it to be gone for good.. some companies use this method. It's not as effective as shredding, but the equipment to do it is pretty cheap.

The frame of a hard drive gives it a little protection. If it basically just gets buried without taking a huge direct impact, there's a moderate chance that the platters are intact. Those rigid metal platters with a magnetic coating can be extracted and read with specialist equipment.

One thing I'm a bit curious about too, is where are these storage units they keep referencing in docs? It sounds like they were in really bad shape, and were somewhere down in the garage.

The west side of the garage, under the front garden type space on Collins Ave, had a large storage room with lockers. The slab there sounded like it had major issues from the planters. I guess the slab there was permanently damp, at least since the waterproofing failed. The automatic sprinklers in the planters would basically guarantee it.

 

[Santos81]

Weird, where is the source on the security guard surviving? I haven't seen anything about that.. I thought his name was Jose.

Her name is Shamoka Ferman and she’s had a very difficult time psychologically. Working the overnight shift, most residents had never met her until that night, none knew her name. It wasn’t until a few days ago Raysa Rodriguez (907) spotted her near the site and immediately took her to the assistance center. It was there Sra. Monteagudo (611 shown in the photo with Ms. Ferman) immediately ran up to thank her for saving her life. Unfortunately people incorrectly refer to her as a male. Worse still, her employer, Securitas made no attempts to check her status nor did anyone from CTS Management.

This building likely didn’t invest massively in anything.

That means:

1. The guard and the front desk person were one and the same. There was no security guy in a back room and a desk guy as well.

2. There was no meaningful separation of video storage from video monitoring. Most NVRs contain their hard drive, and most are now using Cat-# Ethernet cable. Most likely, this building had a couple of 16 channel NVRs with built-in drives and a 10-20 day storage. These cameras are designed to spot package thieves, not collapses, and NOBODY is spending the money to create an off-site archive of 32-64 channels. Certainly, not this condo.

3. Most cameras over $100 support an onboard storage card.

Solid state storage, like flash or thumb drives, are almost always recoverable. Hard drives are fairly easily recovered, even after a building collapse. Not quite as easily as an intact solid state or thumb drive, but NIST definitely has labs that can pull unencrypted footage off a hard drive platter.

The Security equipment was nearing 20 years old with very little in the way of upgrades over its life. The Li-Ion Fire from the crushed Tesla that took days to control certainly didn’t help matters much.

It seems people have the impression that this was a luxury, high-end condo building when it was not the case. In an area where oceanfront condos/apartments are selling in the $2,000 - $3,000 per sf/2 range, CTS was under $400 and represented the bottom of the market.

 

[jbourne8]

Oh true, I had forgotten about how old this system probably is. Most security packages these days come with offsite backups because they can also send the video to law enforcement so you don't have to worry about that. But yea, they probably didn't have anything modern. I hadn't even considered that they were so cheap and old that they might not be recording video too.

And wow, I hadn't heard about the Tesla.. that's awful. Wasn't it parked in spot 78? Is it possible that it actually caused the collapse? I've read before that they can catch on fire with a very slight crash into them, and they can easily get hot enough to cause concrete to be unable to hold a load.. and quickly. I looked at the tiktok video, but it's impossible to tell if there's a fire going on in it. I figure they would have seen it.. but perhaps that spot could have been just outside of their view. It seems like the only person that was in the garage after midnight was Eric Zion, but he has a strange story about the power being out in his apartment at 10pm and checking into a hotel instead. He only stopped by to park his car in the garage around midnight and get his electric scooter.

There's also this photo of the building internally too btw, taken by the resident in 705.. I think the door on the left is 704 -

He also took a video from the balcony too, in this article -

https://nypost.com/2021/06/27/florida-tower-survivor-describes-anguished-cries-of-trapped-neighbors/

The story from 904 is pretty horrific too.. pretty sure this hasn't been posted yet either -

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-new...ld-not-be-alive-after-condo-collapse-n1273597

It says - “In the middle of the night, my daughter woke up because she heard a strange noise, and when she woke up, the building was shaking,” said Angela Gonzalez's mother, Kathleen Gonzalez. “She started screaming for them to get up and get out, and she just ran with her daughter, pulled her daughter by her arm, when they got out the front door, they didn't even go five feet, and it fell down to one floor below,” she said. They are the same family whose cat was found today.

It's interesting too that the most major points of damage - the pool equipment room, Raysa's leaky parking spot and the storage units all seem to be outside of the collapsed area. All that was under the collapse were a few puddles, old epoxy fixes that weren't done well, and there are those lawsuits from the tenant in 112 about water damage in 2001 and 2015. It really makes you wonder how the inspector missed this if the columns had signs of puncture sheer failure too. In the docs it seems pretty clear that he was fine with delaying that part of the project because they wanted to use the pool.

Thanks for the info on the security guard too.. she has a gofund me and I'm going to go pass it around a bit -

https://www.gofundme.com/f/champlain-towers-collapseshamoka-and-rochelle

 

[Js5180]

Which condos are doing off-site backups of days/weeks of security video? I’m gonna say zero.

Is there any evidence that a Tesla was parked in spot 78?

 

[Js5180]

I’m sorry - this just isn’t sitting well:

“Unfortunately, her only posession in life was the car her deceased mother gave her that was in the visitors parking next to the pool area.”

This is the security guard. She didn’t live in the building. Why is the car her only possession?

Please tell me if I’m missing something, but there are 150 residents and families of residents of this building that have bigger problems - many of them having lost lives or loved ones.

 

[IEGeezer]

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGUEwj-Pi54[/URL]

SFCharlie (Computer) (OP) 9 Jul 21 21:58 Quote (1503-44 (Petroleum)9 Jul 21 16:53) the best explanation I have yet to see so far. This is an excellent video, 300K views, 20K Likes WHAT was the CAUSE of the MIAMI building COLLAPSE | Teacher explains moment of COLLAPSE and FALL Worth your while to watch even without understanding the Spanish]

Truly a quick and dirty. Please forgive any errors.

CUAL fue la CAUSA del DERRUMBE del edificio de MIAMI | Profesor (Sergio Manes)
explica (el) momento del COLAPSO y CAÍDA

00:00 Este es el vídeo que nunca hubiese

[This is the video that I never would have]

00:03 querido hacer. Utilizar una catástrofe

[wanted to make. Using a catastrophe]

00:06 como ésta en la que murieron más de 150

[like this one in which more than 150]

00:09 personas aproximadamente por el derrumbe

[people died approximately by the collapse]

00:12 de un edificio para enseñarte a vos qué

[of a building to teach you what]

00:15 es lo que no tenés que hacer en tus

[it is that you do not have to do in your]

00:17 proyectos. Para que esto suceda, en estos

[projects. For this to succeed, these]

00:21 días se han tejido un montón de

[days there have been a bunch of]

00:24 hipótesis al respecto: desde las más

[hypotheses in this regard: from the most]

00:27 técnicas hasta las más sensacionalistas.

[technical to the most sensationalist.]

00:30 En donde, por ejemplo, se dice que entre

[Where, for example, it is said that, among]

00:34 las más técnicas la cantidad de aires

[the more technical, the number of air]

00:37 acondicionados que había en la cubierta

[conditioners that there were on the roof]

00:40 provocó el colapso de una estructura que

[caused the collapse of a structure that]

00:42 no estaba preparada para ese peso o de

[was not prepared for that weight or among]

00:45 las más sensacionalistas que querían

[the most sensationalist that somebody wanted]

00:47 matar a la hija de Trump o que querían

[to kill the daughter of Trump or that they]

00:50 acabar con los archivos de John McAfee

[wanted to destroy the files of John McAfee]

00:52 que supuestamente estaban ocultos en

[that supposedly were hidden in]

00:55 este lugar o que había sido un socavón.

[this place or that there was a sinkhole.]

00:57 Bueno, nada de esto pasó,

[Well, none of that happened,]

00:59 nada de esto pasó y hoy te voy a mostrar

[none of that happened and I am going to show]

01:01 exactamente qué fue lo que pasó y te lo

[exactly what happened and I will]

01:04 voy a demostrar con hechos

[demonstrate it with physical facts]

01:06 físicos o algunos experimentos. Acá te

[or with some experiments. I am going to]

01:09 voy a mostrar exactamente por qué razón

[show exactly why]

01:12 se cayó este edificio en Miami.

[this building collapsed in Miami]

01:22 Ha habido muchos testigos presenciales-

[There have been many eyewitnesses]

01:25 de este colapso pero el que yo considero

[of this collapse but the one (testimoney) I consider]

01:27 más importante es el de la señora

[to be most important is ]

01:29 Adriana Sarmiento quien junto a su

[that of Adrian Sarmiento, who along with her]

01:31 esposo escucharon el primer estruendo y

[husband heard the first boom and]

01:35 empezaron a advertir a los vecinos que

[started to warn the neighbors that]

01:38 se asomaron a los balcones por el mismo

[looked out their balconies because of the same]

01:40 estruendo que bajaran del edificio que

[boom that they should get out of the building that ]

01:42 el edificio (se) iba a colapsar. Hasta el

[the building was going to collapse. At that]

01:44 momento, la cámara de seguridad del

[moment, the security camera of the]

01:46 edificio vecino todavía no había

[neighboring building still hadn't]

01:48 registrado ningún rastro del derrumbe

[registered any trace of the collapse]

01:52 que a partir de ese primer estruendo

[that beginning from that first boom]

01:54 demoró tan sólo un minuto en producirse.

[took only one minute to happen.]

01:57 La señora Sarmiento relata que había

[Mrs. Sarmiento tells that she had]

02:01 descendido de su habitación del hotel,

[come down from her room in the hotel,]

02:02 que estaba contiguo al edificio del

[that she was next to the Surfside]

02:05 Surfside y que, estando en la calle,

[building and that, being in the street,]

02:08 escuchó un gran estruendo, prendió su

[she heard a loud boom, turned her]

02:11 teléfono celular y grabó esto. En este

[cell phone on and recorded this. In that]

02:14 vídeo podemos observar como todavía el

[video we can observe how the building]

02:16 edificio está en pie y ella filma a

[was still standing and she films a]

02:20 través del estacionamiento un chorro de

[stream of water through the garage entrance]

02:22 agua que se ve cayendo que no es de la

[that can be seen falling that is not from the]

02:25 piscina y

[pool and]

02:26 escombros que se ven. Inmediatamente

[rubble that is visible. Immediately]

02:28 empieza a pedirle a todos los vecinos

[she starts asking all the neighbors]

02:31 que se asomaron a los balcones para ver

[that looked out their balconies to see what]

02:34 qué había sido ese estruendo que bajen

[the loud boom was to come down that]

02:36 que el edificio se iba a derrumbar. Cosa

[the building was going to collapse. That]

02:39 que ocurrió al cabo de un minuto.

[happened after about a minute.]

02:43 La secuencia de vídeo captado por la

[The video sequence captured by the]

02:45 cámara de seguridad nos muestra, en

[security camera shows us,]

02:47 primer lugar, la caída de un tramo del

[in the first place, the fall of a part of the]

02:49 edificio del lado de la pileta.

[building next to the pool.]

02:52 Inmediatamente después de esto cae la

[Immediately afterwards, the]

02:55 parte que da hacia el lado de la calle,

[part facing the street,]

02:57 es decir enfrentando al hotel en donde

[that is, acroos from the hoter where]

02:59 se alojaba la señora Sarmiento. Queda

[Mrs. Sarmiento was staying. Only the]

03:02 solamente en pie el resto del edificio a

[part of the building to the]

03:06 la izquierda y un tambaleante cuerpo que

[left is still standing and a swaying body that was]

03:08 quedó al lado del resto del edificio que

[left of the rest of the building]

03:11 se bambolea y finalmente (se) colapsa. ¿Qué

[sways and finally falls. What]

03:15 ocurrió? El primer estruendo no fue ni

[happened? The first boom was nothing more]

03:18 más ni menos que el colapso de toda esta

[and nothingless than the collapse of all]

03:21 losa que se ve acá, que falla por punzonamiento.

[of this slab that can be seen here, that fails by punching shear.]

03:24 Fíjense como el nivel de losa en

[Look how the level of the slab in]

03:27 realidad es este que está acá y como ya

[reality is this that is her aand how now one]

03:30 en esta parte se ve que la losa

[can see how in this part the slab]

03:32 desciende y desciende llevándose consigo

[falls and falls taking with it]

03:36 todos los vehículos como este que se

[all the cars like this one that one]

03:38 puede apreciar acá que quedó mitad de la

[can see was left half on one]

03:41 losa que quedó en su lugar y mitad en la

[slab that stayed in its place and half on one]

03:44 losa que (se) colapsó. Acá se puede ver el

[slab that fell. Here you can see]

03:46 desprendimiento de la losa

[the detachment of the slab]

03:48 que debiera continuar acá hacia este

[that should continue here towards]

03:50 lado. Inclusive en las columnas se ve el

[this side. Additionally, you can see on the columns]

03:54 lugar en donde estaba la losa

[where the slab was connected]

03:55 originalmente. Esta es otra vista del

[originally. This is another view of the]

03:58 mismo lugar en donde se puede ver el

[same place where one can see the]

04:01 lugar del anclaje de la losa con

[place where the slab was anchored]

04:04 respecto a estas columnas y como esta

[to the columns and how ]

04:06 losa completa desciende esta distancia.

[this slab fell this whole distance.]

04:09 Estimo yo alrededor de 2 metros, es decir,

[I guess around 2 meters, that is,]

04:12 toda esta parte de la planta baja

[this whole part of the lower level]

04:15 (se) colapsa y cae sobre el

[collapsed and fell on the]

04:18 estacionamiento que está abajo

[parking level that was below it]

04:21 aproximadamente de esta manera. Este es

[approximately in this way/ This is]

04:24 el comienzo de la catástrofe. ¿Por qué

[the beginning of the catastrophe. Why]

04:27 falla esta losa? Falla por lo que se

[did this slab fail? It failed due to what is]

04:29 conoce como punzonamiento. El

[known as punching shear. The]

04:32 punzonamiento es cuando una losa (se) apoya contra(sic)

[punching shear is where a slab is supported]

04:36 una columna y

[by a column and]

04:39 la columna pasa de lado al lado. ¿Por qué

[the column punches through from one side to the other. Why]

04:43 se produce este esfuerzo? Se produce por

[does this happen. It happens due]

04:45 una carga puntual sobre una losa. Es

[to a point load on the slab. In other]

04:48 decir, la fuerza de la losa no alcanza a

[words, the load of the slab is not]

04:51 repartirse para trasladar esos esfuerzos

[transferred to the column and it fails in this manner.]

04:54 a la columna y cede de esta manera. ¿Qué

[What is it]

04:57 es exactamente lo que vemos acá? Esta

[exactly that we see here? This column]

04:59 columna pertenece al nivel de abajo,

[belongs to the lower level,]

05:02 pertenece al subsuelo. Acá lo podemos ver

[it belongs to the basement level. Here we can see]

05:05 con absoluta claridad por ejemplo. Acá

[with absolute clarity, for example. Here]

05:10 uno dos tres cuatro cinco seis y

[one two three four five six and]

05:16 probablemente otras siete y ocho que no

[probably another seven and eight (columns) that we]

05:19 vemos porque quedaron sepultadas por el

[can't see because they were buring by the]

05:21 derrumbe del edificio. Para evitar el

[collapse of the building. To avoid]

05:24 punzonamiento se utilizan dos métodos.

[punching shear two methods are used.]

05:26 El método más tradicional es este. El de

[This is the traditional method. Beams are]

05:30 utilizar vigas que sean las encargadas

[used to spread the loads]

05:32 de repartir los esfuerzos de la losa

[from the slab]

05:35 hacia la columna. Suponiendo que eso no

[to the column. Supposing that that is not]

05:38 se haga tenemos esta otra opción que es

[done we have another option that is]

05:41 la losa plana con ábacos y capiteles

[the flat plate with drop panels and capitals]

05:45 en donde el ábaco se calcula como parte

[where the drop panel is calcualted as part]

05:49 de la losa. Es decir, la losa en este punto

[of the slab. In other words, the slab at that point]

05:51 se calcula mucho más gruesa de lo que es

[is calculated to be much thicker that it is]

05:55 en el tramo por ejemplo y el capitel se

[in the span for example and the capital is]

05:59 calcula como parte de la columna. Sin

[caculated as part of the column.]

06:01 embargo, no podemos verificar por qué

[Nevertheless, we cannot verify why]

06:04 razón se produjo este punzonamiento

[the punching shear happened because]

06:05 porque la losa en este momento está

[the slab at this moment has]

06:08 colapsada. Lo más lógico sería visitar el

[collapsed. The most logical thing would be to visit]

06:11 estacionamiento y encontrar todas estas

[the parking level and find all of these]

06:14 vigas. Sin embargo si estas vigas

[beams. However, if these beams]

06:16 hubiesen estado no habría razón de

[had been there there would have been no]

06:19 punzonamiento. Lo lógico entonces

[punching shear. The logical thing then]

06:21 hubiese sido encontrar una estructura de

[would have been to find a structure of]

06:23 esta naturaleza por encima de las

[this kind over the]

06:25 columnas pero mucho me temo que nos

[columns but I'm afraid that we]

06:27 vamos a encontrar con esto. ¿Por qué digo

[are going to find this. Why do I say]

06:30 esto? Porque el edificio demuestra, al

[this. Because the builiding shows, as its]

06:33 quedar expuesta su estructura, que no

[structure was exposed that it did not]

06:36 posee vigas. No sé en el sótano, porque no

[have beams. I don't know in the basement, because I]

06:39 las puedo ver, pero en el edificio,

[can't see them, but, in the building,]

06:40 fíjense esto, a lo largo de toda esta

[look at this, along this whole]

06:44 imagen, que no es ni más ni menos que una

[image, that is nothing more nor less than]

06:46 radiografía de la estructura del

[an x-ray of the structure of the]

06:48 edificio, no se aprecia

[building, one cannot see]

06:51 un rastro de vigas. Por ejemplo acá, en

[any trace of beams. For example here, where one]

06:54 donde se ve el rastro de las losas que

[can see the trace of the slabs that]

06:57 llegan directamente a la columna, lo que

[connect directly to this column, that]

07:01 se esperaría acá es ver mínimamente

[one would expect to see here minimally]

07:04 algún rastro de que ahí hay una viga, de

[some trace that there was a beam, that]

07:07 que acá hay una viga, lo cual me hace

[here there would be a beam, which makes me]

07:11 prácticamente asegurar que si este

[assert that if this]

07:14 comportamiento fue en el edificio, es

[was the case in the building, that is]

07:16 decir, en las alturas, a nivel de planta

[at the upper levels, at ground level]

07:19 baja y subsuelo no había ningún tipo de

[and in the basement there was nothing like]

07:22 viga. De otra manera, no se podría haber

[a beam. Otherwise, the punching shear]

07:23 dado ese punzonamiento. Por lo tanto, la

[would not have happened. Therefore, the]

07:26 base de lo que dio origen al derrumbe

[root cause of what cause the collapse]

07:28 de los edificios fue la falta de vigas o

[of the buildings was the lack of beams]

07:33 de ábacos y capiteles en las columnas

[or drop panels and capitals on the columns]

07:35 para sostener la losa que cubría el

[to support the slab that covered]

07:38 estacionamiento. Pero esto no es todo.

[the parking area. But that is not all.]

07:40 Porque el hecho de que (se) colapse una losa

[Because the fact that a slab collapsed]

07:43 en este lugar no tiene por qué

[in this place should not have]

07:45 comprometer a todo un edificio que venía

[compromised the whole building that was]

07:48 en esta posición. Entonces, ¿por qué razón

[in this position. The, what was the reason]

07:53 se desploma el edificio? Este es el

[for the building to fall? This is the]

07:56 edificio antes del colapso.

[building before the collapse.]

07:58 Este es el sector entonces de la losa

[This is the sector where the slab]

08:01 que falla y cae. Entonces se desploma de

[fails and falls. Then it falls in this]

08:05 esta manera y estos autos son los que

[manner and these cars are the ones that]

08:08 caen junto con la losa. Este es el primer

[fall together with the slab. This is the first]

08:11 estruendo. Es el estruendo que oye la

[boom. It is the boom that]

08:13 señora Adriana y a través de la entrada

[Mrs. Adriana heard and throught the entrance]

08:16 de las cocheras percibe todos esos

[to the parking garage she can see the]

08:21 escombros y el agua cayendo. Mucho se ha

[rubble and the water falling. Much has been]

08:25 hablado del agua, todos diciendo que era

[said about the water, with all saying that it]

08:27 el agua de la piscina. Sin embargo, no es

[was the pool water. However, it isn't]

08:28 el agua de la piscina, es el agua del

[the pool water, it is the ]

08:31 jacuzzi que muy probablemente rompe una

[jacuzzi water that very likely burst a]

08:35 cañería de desagüe y cae sobre esta zona.

[drain and fell over this zone.]

08:38 Tal es así, en las fotos aéreas el día

[Such it is, that in the areal photos from the day]

08:41 después del desastre se ve claramente

[after the disaster it can be seen clearly]

08:43 como el jacuzzi está vacío. Esta es la

[that the jacuzzi is emptly. This is the]

08:47 línea de quiebre de la losa y la pileta

[line where the slab broke and the pool]

08:49 no ha bajado en lo más mínimo su nivel.

[has not lost any water.]

08:52 Ahora, ¿por qué razón se produce el

[Now, for what reason does]

08:55 colapso de toda esta sección del

[the collapse of this entire sectrion of the]

08:58 edificio inmediatamente después del

[building happen immediately after the]

09:01 derrumbe de esta losa?

[fall of this slab?]

09:03 Para explicar esto por un instante vamos

[To explain that, we are going to]

09:05 a prescindir de todo aquello que no sea

[remove everything that is not]

09:07 estructura del edificio, es decir, lo que

[part of the structure of the building, that is, what]

09:10 lo sostiene en pie al edificio. Por lo

[keeps the building standing. Therefore,]

09:13 tanto ocultamos autos, barandas y piel

[we will hide cars, raililngs and the skin]

09:17 del edificio. Nos quedamos con la mera

[of the building. We are left only with]

09:20 estructura. Si analizamos el primer

[just the structure. If we analyze the first]

09:23 colapso cuadro a cuadro nos vamos a

[collapse frame by frame we will]

09:25 encontrar con lo siguiente. En el cuadro

[find the following. In Frame]

09:27 0 se inicia el derrumbe y ya en el

[0, the collapse begins and already in]

09:30 cuadro 1 se puede ver cómo se ven

[frame 1 it can be seen how all the]

09:32 comprometidas todas las secciones del

[sections of the building have been compromised.]

09:35 edificio. Concretamente lo podemos ver en

[Concretely, we can see it in the]

09:37 las ventanas (están iluminadas) que

[windows (they are lit) that]

09:40 empiezan a descender.

[start to fall.]

09:42 Ahora fíjense que el colapso empieza y

[Now look at how the collapse starts and]

09:44 se detiene por una décima del segundo.

[then it pauses for a tenth of a second.]

09:47 Cuadro uno dos tres cuatro cinco seis y

[Frame one two three four five six and]

09:51 ahí ya está detenido.

[there it has paused.]

09:53 Es decir, en el 4 comienza la detención

[That is, in (frame) 4 the pause of]

09:57 del derrumbe por un segundo. 1 2 3 4,

[the collapse begins for a second. 1 2 3 4,]

10:02 ahí se detiene. Ya no baja más del 4 al 5.

[there it stops. It doensn't fall any from 4 to 5.]

10:04 Fíjense que no baja en el 6 y tampoco

[Look, it doesn't fall in 6 and also]

10:08 en el 7. Es como que vuelve a empezar a

[in 7. It's like it starts to]

10:11 bajar y en el 8 se manifiesta

[fall and in 8, the collapse accelerates.]

10:13 fuertemente este descenso. Se detiene

[It pauses]

10:16 nuevamente y vuelve a caer. Vamos a verlo

[anew and falls again. Let's look at it]

10:18 en cámara normal y se ve claramente como

[at the normal speed and it can be seen clearly how]

10:22 se detiene, se detiene y cae. Lo vemos de

[it pauses, it pauses and falls. We look at it]

10:25 nuevo, se detiene y cae una vez más. Se

[again, it pauses and falls one more time. It]

10:28 detiene y cae. ¿Por qué sucede esto? Porque

[pauses and falls. Why does this happen? Because]

10:30 la estructura al bajar prácticamente un

[after falling one level the fall of the structure]

10:33 piso se detiene y luego se produce el

[pauses and then the definitive]

10:36 colapso definitivo. Como se puede ver en

[collapse happens. As can be seen in]

10:39 el vídeo el sector del edificio que cae

[the video, the section of the building that falls]

10:42 primero es este, arrastrando parte de lo

[first, is this one, dragging part of]

10:47 que tiene al costado, pero la falla se

[what is to its side, but the failure happens]

10:49 produce acá abajo. Fíjese que cae

[down here. You can see that it falls]

10:52 prácticamente completo salvo estas

[practically intact with the exception of]

10:54 partes de acá que se desgarran. Vamos a

[these parts here that are ripped apart. We are]

10:57 verlo más en detalle. Cae al medio y se

[going to look at it in more detail. The middle falls]

11:00 desgarran las partes de los costados acá.

[and the parts on the sides are ripped apart here.]

11:03 Se puede apreciar cómo esta parte es la

[You can see how this part is the]

11:06 que cae y trae arrastrando esta parte de

[part that falls and drags this part of the]

11:10 las estructuras vecinas. Por lo tanto la

[neighboring structures. Therefore, the]

11:13 falla está

[failure is]

11:14 acá abajo y, efectivamente, fíjense en

[here below and, effectively, observe these]

11:19 estas dos columnas de acá. Las columnas

[two columns here. The columns]

11:22 inicialmente fueron calculadas para esta

[were originally calculated for this]

11:26 luz en planta baja y para una luz que

[span in the lower level and for a span that]

11:30 debe andar más o menos por acá en el

[would be more or less this much in the]

11:32 subsuelo. Sin embargo, al desaparecer los

[basement level. Nevertheless, uppon the disappearace]

11:36 adiestramientos que generaban las losas

[of the supports that the slabs provided]

11:38 en ese lugar, la luz que antes era esta

[in this place, the span that before was this]

11:42 para esta columna ahora pasa a ser el

[for this column in now]

11:45 doble y esta columna no fue calculada

[twice as much and the column was not designed]

11:48 para tener esa altura y ¿cuál es la

[for that length and what do]

11:51 deformación que afecta a aquellos

[you call the failure that affects those]

11:53 elementos esbeltos que son sometidos a

[slender elements that are subject to]

11:56 compresión? El pandeo. Lo vimos hace dos

[compression? Buckling. We covered that two]

12:00 semanas. Flexión

[weeks ago. This is]

12:03 era esto.

[flexion.]

12:06 Pandeo

[This]

12:08 es

[is]

12:10 esto.

[buckling]

12:12 Vamos a verlo con un modelo a escala.

[Let's look at it with a scale model.]

12:14 (La) altura de la columna para la cual fue

[The length of the column for which it was]

12:17 dimensionada en donde por más fuerza que

[designed where no matter how much force]

12:20 yo le haga no hay ningún problema de pandeo.

[I apply, there is no buckling.]

12:22 Sin embargo, la misma sección de

[However, the same column section]

12:25 columna en el doble de altura en cuanto

[where the length is doubled as soon]

12:28 yo le ejerzo la misma presión,

[as I apply the same force]

12:31 falla por pandeo. Esto es lo que pasó en

[it buckles. That is what happened at]

12:35 el edificio Surfside. Estas dos columnas

[the Surfside building. These two columns]

12:38 fallaron por pandeo al perder la

[suffered buckling failure after losing]

12:41 riestra de este lado. Las columnas se

[the support on this side. The columns can]

12:44 pueden deformar en este sentido y

[be displaced in this manner and]

12:47 romperse. La rotura por pandeo es sin

[break. Buckling failure is without]

12:51 aviso. Se quiebra el doble tramo bajo y

[warning. The double length column span breaks]

12:54 cae el resto, hace pie por un instante la

[and the rest falls, the structure stands]

12:57 estructura y después se va obviamente

[for an instant and then it fails due obviously]

13:00 por una catarata de de esfuerzos para

[to an avalanche of loads]

13:03 los cuales la estructura no fue diseñada

[for which the structures was not designed]

13:06 y obviamente (se) colapsa. Lo que sucede a

[and obviously it collapses. What happens]

13:09 continuación no tiene mayor misterio.

[next is no mystery.]

13:11 Pasa lo mismo con las columnas del tramo

[The same thing happens to the columns]

13:14 de atrás.

[of the back side.]

13:15 Primero (se) colapsa esta parte. Cae la losa

[First this part collapses. The slab fails]

13:20 por punzonamiento. En segundo lugar,

[by punching shear. In second place,]

13:22 (se) colapsan estas dos columnas por pandeo,

[these two columns fail by buckling,]

13:26 produciéndose el desprendimiento de toda

[producing the detachment of all]

13:30 esta zona del edificio. Ya si en esa zona

[this part of the building. Now then in this zone]

13:34 la parte que está por detrás,

[the part that is behind,]

13:36 es decir, esta parte de acá atrás, esa

[that is, this part back here, this]

13:40 parte del edificio es sometido(sic) a

[part of the building is subject probably]

13:42 esfuerzos probablemente de flexo-

[to flexo-compressive forces]

13:44 compresión para la cual las columnas no

[for which the columns are]

13:47 estaban preparadas y también fallan

[not designed and they also fail]

13:50 llevándose toda esa parte del edificio

[taking with them this whole part of the building.]

13:53 consigo. Pero queda toda esta parte del

[This whole part of the building]

13:57 edificio todavía y esa ¿por qué cae? Porque

[remains and that (part) why does it fall? Because]

14:01 se mantiene en pie por un segundo y

[it stands for one second and]

14:04 luego (se) colapsa. Aparentemente (se) colapsa del

[then collapses. Apparently, the part]

14:07 lado de la pileta primero. Ahí se ve.

[next to the pool falls first. You can see it there.]

14:10 (Se) colapsa de este lado. Es decir que fallan

[This side collapses. In other words, the two]

14:12 y fallan parejas las dos columnas de

[lowest columns fail and probably fail at the]

14:15 abajo probablemente. Mientras tanto el

[same time. Meanwhile, the building continues to stand]

14:18 edificio se mantiene en ese momento. Ahí

[at that moment. There you]

14:21 se puede ver. Como el edificio se está

[can see it. As the building is]

14:23 casi como torsionando un poco, hasta que

[twisting a bit, until these]

14:26 se quiebran esas columnas y cae completo

[columns break and the whole block falls]

14:29 otra vez todo el bloque

[again as a whole]

14:32 y se desmorona. El resultado de ese

[and collapses. The result of that]

14:35 último desmoronamiento es todo esto que

[last collapse is all this that]

14:38 se ve acá. De hecho esta es la primera

[can be seen here. In fact, this is the first]

14:41 losa, acá se ve la segunda losa, la

[slab, here is the second slab, the]

14:44 tercera losa, la cuarta losa, etcétera.

[third slab, the fourth slab, etc.]

14:47 Todo esto otro que se ve por acá es

[Everything else that you see over here is]

14:50 producto de lo que fue el primer

[product of what was the first]

14:53 desmoronamiento. Y esto que se ve hacia

[collapse. And this that can be seen towards]

14:56 este lado es parte del segundo

[this side is part of the second]

14:58 desmoronamiento que llega a alcanzar con

[collapse that reaches with some rubble]

15:01 algunos escombros el hotel en donde

[the hotel where]

15:03 estaba la señora Adriana. Y en último

[Mrs. Adriana was staying. In last place,]

15:06 lugar, el causante de todo esto que fue

[the cause of all this is]

15:08 la rotura de la losa del estacionamiento

[the failure of the parking slab]

15:13 por punzonamiento. Ahora, ¿por qué razón

[by punching shear. Now, why did]

15:17 ocurre esto? ¿Que no hay intersticios

[that happen. That there no nooks]

15:21 adonde haya posibilidad de encontrar un

[where it is possible to find]

15:24 sobreviviente? ¿Por qué en colapsos

[survivors? Why is it that in similar]

15:27 similares quedan espacios?

[collapses spaces are left?]

15:30 Hay esperanzas de que acá adentro haya

[Is their any hope that in here someone]

15:33 quedado alguien y pueda sobrevivir acá

[may be found and could survive here]

15:36 acá o acá. Y ¿por qué esto no pasó en

[here or here. And, why didn't this happen]

15:41 Surfside? Hay una sola razón

[in Surfside? There is on reason]

15:45 y es la razón por la cual se derrumbó la

[and it is the reason why the first parking]

15:48 primera losa del estacionamiento y por

[slab collapsed and that]

15:50 la cual se produjo el pandeo de las

[caused the buckling of the]

15:54 columnas que derivó en la rotura de

[columns that caused these columns]

15:56 estas columnas y en el derrumbe de toda

[to break and in the collapse of this whole]

15:59 esta sección del edificio y por lo cual

[part of the building and that]

16:02 se provocó también esta torsión del

[caused the twisting of]

16:05 cuerpo que quedó aislado sobre la playa

[the part of the building that was left by itself towards the beach]

16:08 y que provocó también la falla de las

[and that provoked also the failure of the]

16:11 columnas de planta baja y la caída de

[lower level columns and the collapse of]

16:13 todo el edificio. Puede haber habido un

[the whole building. It could have been]

16:16 pésimo mantenimiento. La estructura se

[terrible maintenance. The structure could]

16:19 pudo haber visto debilitada por la

[have been weakend by]

16:21 corrosión

[corrosion]

16:23 en las varillas de hierro en la zona de

[of the rebar the area of the]

16:25 la piscina en donde estaban muy

[pool where they were]

16:27 expuestos. Se les veía en fotos que se

[exposed. One can see them in photos]

16:30 han publicado. Pudo ser que el salitre

[that have been published. It could have been]

16:34 del agua de mar también haya provocado

[the saltiness of the seawater that could also]

16:37 un deterioro muy rápido y muy avanzado

[have caused a rapid and advanced deterioration]

16:40 sobre el acero de la estructura. Pero

[on the steel reinforcement. But]

16:46 nada de esto hubiese sucedido pese a

[none of that would have happened in spite of]

16:50 todas estas sucesión de fallas si el

[all of these failures if the building]

16:55 edificio hubiese tenido vigas. El

[would have had beams. The]

16:58 edificio no tiene vigas. Esta es la

[building did not have beams. This is the]

17:03 imágen que recorrió el mundo.

[image that went around the world.]

17:06 Este es el mudo testigo de las causas

[This is the mute testimonty of what]

17:10 que originaron la caída de este edificio.

[caused the collapse of this building.]

17:12 Fíjense esta losa que viene por acá. No

[Look at this slab that is here. It doesn't]

17:17 tiene un solo apoyo en toda esta

[have a single support in this whole]

17:21 distancia. Cuando digo apoyo, me estoy

[span. When I say support, I am refering]

17:23 refiriendo a una viga mínimamente acá.

[to a beam at least here.]

17:28 Tiene que haber una viga que esté

[There has to be a beam that is]

17:30 soportando esta losa y que permita volar

[supporting this slab and that let's you cantilever]

17:35 este prácticamente metro 80 que tienen

[this practically 1.8 meters that these]

17:38 esos balcones de voladizo. Un metro 80.

[balconies have as overhang. 1.8 m.]

17:42 Este(sic), por ejemplo, es la vista del último

[This, for example, is the view from the last]

17:45 nivel del penthouse. Fíjense la distancia

[level of the penthouse. Look at the distance]

17:49 que hay. Desde este punto a este punto,

[that there is. From this point to this point,]

17:53 contemos las baldosas. Acá esa viene por

[let's count the tiles. Here this one comes]

17:56 ahí y tenemos 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

[her and we have 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10]

18:03 11 baldosas. ¿De cuanto serán? ¿De 20 x 20?

[11 tiles. How big are they? 20cm by 20cm?]

18:08 Dos metros veinte de voladizo. ¿(V)os ves

[2.20 meters of overhang. Do you see]

18:12 alguna viga acá sosteniendo la losa o

[any beam hear supporting the slab or]

18:14 ves algún refuerzo que esté indicando

[some reinforcement that is called for]

18:17 que esa losa no va a fallar por

[so that this slab will not fail due to]

18:19 punzonamiento? Este es el interior de

[punching shear? This is the inside of]

18:22 uno de los departamentos. Se puede

[one of the apartments. You can see]

18:25 apreciar la mocheta de la columna. Pero a

[the column corbel(?). But this column]

18:29 esta columna no está llegando ninguna

[is not connected to a]

18:31 viga. Fíjense que la carpintería va de

[beam. Observe that the fenestration]

18:35 piso a techo. Es decir que el nivel de

[spans from the floor to the ceiling. In other words, the level of]

18:40 esta losa es el mismo nivel que el de

[this slab is the same level as this]

18:44 esta losa. Ustedes me dirán: ¿no es

[slab. You may ask: is this]

18:46 inaudito? ¿Cómo puede ser que una losa de

[unheard of? How can it be that a reinforced]

18:49 hormigón armado no esté apoyando sobre

[concrete slab not be supported on]

18:52 una viga, cuando va a enfrentar un

[ a beam, when it is going to be part]

18:54 voladizo de cerca de dos metros? Este

[ of an overhang of roughly two meters? This]

18:56 departamento es este departamento de acá.

[apartment is this apartment over here.]

19:01 Yo te invito a que busques algún rastro

[I invite you to find any trace]

19:05 de vida entre todos esos hierros

[of life among these twisted]

19:08 retorcidos, en donde se ven los ganchos

[pieces of steel, where you can see the hooks]

19:11 producto probablemente de un solape de la

[product probably of a lap splice of the]

19:14 armadura.

[steel reinforcement.]

19:14 Pero no hay rastro de vida. No hay vida. No

[But there is no trace of life. There is no life. There]

19:20 hay vida. Ahí no hay vida en ninguna

[is no life. There is no life in any]

19:22 parte del edificio. Todo el edificio son

[part of the building. The whole building is]

19:25 losas apoyadas sobre columnas: el error

[slabs resting on columns: a first]

19:30 de todo estudiante de primer año. Porque

[year student mistake. Because]

19:34 ya en segundo año, nadie puede cometer

[in the second year, nobody can make]

19:37 ese error y ustedes me dirán, bueno, ¿pero

[this error and you may ask, well, but it]

19:39 se mantuvo cuarenta años en pie? De la

[stood for 40 years. In the same manner]

19:42 misma manera que este edificio se

[that this building]

19:44 mantuvo cuarenta años en pie

[stood for 40 years]

19:48 este edificio de acá que es el gemelo

[this building over here which is the twin]

19:50 también se mantuvo 40 años en pie. Esa es

[also stood for 40 years. That is]

19:54 la torre norte. Tal vez ésta haya tenido

[the north tower. Maybe this one has]

19:57 un mantenimiento mejor que ésta y el

[had better maintenance than this one and]

20:01 punzonamiento no se llegó a dar en las

[punching shear didn't happen in the]

20:03 losas.

[slabs.]

20:05 Yo no viviría en esa torre. De hecho yo

[I would not live in this tower. In fact, I]

20:09 hice este vídeo y me preocupé

[made this video and it concerned]

20:10 fundamentalmente por este tema cuando vi

[me to the core in regards to this issue when I]

20:13 las fotos de lo que era el edificio

[saw the photos of what the building]

20:16 originalmente. Cuando uno ve esta foto, le

[was originally. When you look at this photo,]

20:19 llama inmediatamente la atención la

[the slenderness of the slab sections]

20:22 delgadez de los espesores de losa. Por un

[is immediately noticeable. On one]

20:25 lado que en esta parte de abajo

[side that in this lower part]

20:27 aparentemente esta losa estaría apoyada

[apparently this slab is supported]

20:30 en una viga que pasa por acá. He dicho

[on a beam that goes here. I've said]

20:34 sea de paso parece ser la única viga que

[perhaps in passing it seems to be the only beam]

20:36 hay en todo el edificio. Porque si se

[that there is in the whole building. Because, if you]

20:38 fijan, van a ver que todas las otras

[notice, you can see all the other]

20:40 losas están sobre el nivel de dintel de

[slabs are at the level of the lintel]

20:43 las carpinterías. Acá.

[of the fenestration. Here.]

20:46 Acá. Esta es la única parte en la que eso no

[Here. This is the only part where that]

20:49 sucede. Recién le calculamos el tramo del

[is not the case. Just now we measured the overhang]

20:53 voladizo alrededor de 2 metros 20 y

[at around 2.20 meters]

20:57 fíjense una baranda que tiene

[and observe a railing that is]

20:59 aproximadamente entre 90 centímetros y

[about between 90 cm]

21:01 un metro en relación al espesor que

[and 1 meter in contrast to the thickness]

21:04 tiene la losa. Estamos hablando de

[of the slab. We are talking about]

21:07 aproximadamente 15 centímetros de

[about 15 cm of]

21:10 espesor terminado que no es altura de

[finished section, which is not the section]

21:13 cálculo. En este caso supuestamente de

[of design. In this case, supposedly]

21:16 nuevo están apoyados (los voladizos) sobre una viga pero

[once again the overhangs are supported on a beam but]

21:18 en este caso no. En este tampoco. En este

[in this case no. In this one also no. In this]

21:21 y ningún otro caso. Ese espesor de 15

[and in no other case. The sections of 15]

21:24 centímetros es este que ustedes ven acá.

[centimeters is this one that you can see here.]

21:28 Mi pregunta es, si esa losa no está

[My question is, if this slab isn't]

21:31 apoyada, ¿en qué momento termina el tramo

[supported, where does the span end]

21:35 y en qué momento empieza el voladizo? ¿En

[and where does the overhand begin? Where]

21:38 qué momento tengo que subir los hierros

[do you place the rebar so that the]

21:40 para que esto trabaje a tracción en la

[upper part works in tension?]

21:43 parte de arriba? Y, supongamos que lo han

[And, let's suppose that they have filled]

21:46 llenado de hierros, cosa que se ve

[it with steel, something that clearly]

21:48 claramente que no es así, mismo acá,

[can be seen no to be true, same here]

21:52 mismo en todos estos tramos de columnas

[same in all of these lengths of complete]

21:56 completos que aparecen sin ningún rastro

[columns that can be seen without any trace]

22:00 de haber sido desprendido prácticamente

[of having been detached practically]

22:03 de nada porque se ve un poquito. Y

[from nothing because you don't see much. And]

22:04 fíjense esto es inaudito. Es decir, llega

[observe that this is unheard of. That is, it]

22:07 hasta acá. En realidad es un tramo. Es

[goes to here. In reality, it is a span. It is the]

22:08 todo la columna completa que va de piso

[whole complete column that goes from floor]

22:12 hasta el último piso cuando en realidad

[to the last floor when in reality]

22:15 ese encuentro se debería ver por lo

[that joint should be seen as least]

22:18 menos así, por lo menos vigas de 30

[like this, at least beams of 30]

22:22 centímetros.

[centimeters.]

22:23 La falta de vigas en una estructura

[The lack of beams in a structure]

22:25 genera esto. En primer lugar, las losas

[causes this. In the first place, the slabs]

22:29 pierden rigidez. Fíjense esto. Una losa

[lose rigidiy. Observe this. A slab]

22:32 sin vigas no lo puede soportar y ahora

[without beams cannot support it and now]

22:36 la misma losa, el mismo cartón pero con

[the same slab, the same cardboard but with]

22:40 vigas, con estos pliegues acá a los

[beams, with those folds here on the]

22:42 costados, genera rigidez.

[sides, generating rigidity.]

22:49 Gracias a estos bordes materializados

[Thanks to the borders that come into]

22:52 que le dan rigidez a la losa y no

[existense that give rigidity to the slab and]

22:55 solamente le dan rigidez a la losa, le

[not only give rigidity to the slab, they]

22:57 dan rigidez a todo el edificio. Miren un

[give rigidity to the whole buildings. Objserve a]

23:01 esquema estructural sin vigas en donde

[structural frame withou beams where]

23:05 está todo pegado. Esto resiste

[everything is glued. This one resists]

23:08 perfectamente y un esquema estructural

[perfectly and a structural frame]

23:11 con vigas, con vigas de cartón: el mismo

[with beams, with cardboard beams: the same]

23:15 material. Fíjense cómo se comporta este.

[material. Observe how it behaves.]

23:19 Fíjense cómo se comporta este.

[Observer how this one behaves.]

23:23

[Música]

23:24 Yo le voy a poner una vigueta, una

[I am going to put a beamlet, a beamlet]

23:26 sección de viguetas, esto debe estar

[section, this should]

23:28 pesando unos dos kilos y medio, arriba

[weigh 2 and a half kilos, on top]

23:31 de esta

[of this one]

23:33 nada.

[nothing.]

23:35 Le pondré eso más esto, nada.

[I'll put this one plus this, nothing.]

23:42 Ningún problema.

[No problem.]

23:46 A esta que no tiene vigas,

[This one has no beams.]

23:48 Vamos a tratar de que esté derechita.

[We're going to try to make sure it's straight.]

[Música]

23:52 Miren. ¿Cuánto va a durar? Ahí viene

[Look. How long will it last? There goes]

23:55 el colapso.

[the collapse.]

23:57

[Música]

24:08 Tristísimo.

[Very sad.]

24:11 ¿Por qué no le pusieron vigas?

[Why didn't they use beams.]

24:15 Yo solamente veo dos motivos: ignorancia,

[I only see two motives: ignorance,]

24:19 la persona que lo hizo dijo "ah no sabía

[the person that made it said "oh, I didn't know]

24:22 que había que ponerle vigas o no, esto

[that I had to use beams or not, this]

24:25 aguanta, o ..."

[will be enough support, or ..."]

24:27 Porque eso no se le puede haber pasado a

[Because that couldn't have happened to]

24:29 1 2 3 4 ¿Cuántos controles hay en el mismo,

[1 2 3 4 How many levels of review are there in the same,]

24:33 en la misma ciudad? La ciudad hace sus

[the same city? The city has its own levels]

24:36 propios controles, aprueba las obras, hay

[of review, it approves projects, there was an]

24:40 un arquitecto que firmó, hay un ingeniero

[architect that signed, there was an engineer]

24:42 que firmó, hay alguien que se encargó del

[that signed, someone was in charge of]

24:44 mantenimiento también y no dio aviso o

[maintenance also and din't say anything or]

24:47 no hizo nada para arreglar lo que ya se

[didn't do anything to fix what could already]

24:49 veía que pudo haber generado esta falla

[be seen could have caused a]

24:52 por punzonamiento. Ignorancia, yo la

[punching shear failure. Ignorance, I don't]

24:56 descarto.

[think so.]

24:57 Ambición. ¿Por qué ambición? Al no ponerle

[Ambition. Why, ambition. Not using]

25:02 vigas, la distancia de piso a techo puede

[beams, the distance from the floor to the ceiling]

25:06 ser significativamente menor porque no

[can be a lot less because there is]

25:09 hay altura de paso en ningún momento,

[no lack of headroom at any time,]

25:10 porque no hay vigas. Es decir, en esta

[because there are no beams. That is, in this]

25:13 situación, si yo me puedo ahorrar 30

[situation, if I want to spare 30 cm]

25:16 centímetros por piso, en una de esas en

[per floor, then I can]

25:19 la suma total puedo meter 13 niveles en

[fit 13 floor levels where]

25:24 donde la normativa por altura con vigas

[the total height if I had to use beams]

25:27 solamente me dejaría 12 niveles. Fíjense

[would only allow for 12 stories. Look at the]

25:30 la normativa en esta zona aparenta tener

[regulated height in this are that appears]

25:35 una altura que es más o menos ésta. Si

[to be more or less this one. If]

25:39 están todos los edificios alineados

[all the buildings are limited to]

25:41 sobre esa altura, al menos en la década

[this height, at least during the decade of the]

25:43 de los 80, este edificio tiene planta baja

[80s, this building has a basement]

25:45 más 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12. Son 13

[plus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12. There are 13]

25:53 plantas en total contando la planta baja.

[stories in total counting the basement.]

25:56 Vamos a ver este edificio que está acá. Tiene

[Let's look at this other building over here. It has]

26:00 planta baja más 1

[basement plus 1]

26:02 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11, es decir 12

[2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11, that is 12]

26:09 plantas en total. El desarrollista, el

[stories total. The developer, the]

26:12 inversor, el arquitecto que cobraba

[investor, the architect that charges]

26:15 por metro cuadrado o quien fuera, se

[per square meter or who ever it might be, would]

26:18 benefició ampliamente obteniendo una

[benefit themselvers considerably by]

26:21 planta más producto de quitar las vigas.

[putting in an extra floor as a result of omitting the beams.]

26:25 No digo que haya sido eso pero he visto

[I am not saying that that is the cause but I have seen]

26:28 casos como ese muchas veces que, en lugar

[cases like this one many times where, in place of]

26:31 de poner las vigas así, las ponen así y

[putting in beams like this, they put them like this and]

26:34 las llenan de hierros para por ejemplo

[they fill them with steel to, for example,]

26:37 ahorrarse un nivel en todo el alto del

[save themsleves room for another floor]

26:41 edificio. Así poder poner un nivel de más.

[in the building. That way they can have an extra floor.]

26:43 ¿Habrá sido esto?

[Was that what it was?]

26:45 A mí no me queda que pensar otra. Por

[I can't think of anthing else.]

26:47 ignorancia esto no puede haber sido. No puede haber sido.

[It wasn't ignorance. It could not have been.]

26:52 Y si lo fue, para eso estoy hoy acá, para

[And if it was, that is why I am here, to]

26:57 mostrarte a vos cómo no hay que hacer

[show you how not to do]

27:01 las cosas,

[things,]

27:03 para decirte que nunca firmes nada con

[to tell you that you should never sign]

27:07 lo cual no estás de acuerdo. Porque en

[that with which you are not in agreement. Because]

27:09 una de esas el desarrollista, al inversor,

[in one of these, the developer, the investor]

27:12 se esfuerza: "arquitecto necesita

[will make an effort: "Mr. Architect, I need]

27:14 una planta más" y te hacen firmar eso y

[an extra floor" and you are made to sign that and]

27:17 el responsable de eso sos vos. Que nunca

[you will be the one responsible. May it never]

27:21 te pase, que nunca nos pase que tengamos

[happen, may it never happen that one]

27:26 que cargar con la vida de 150 personas

[has to carry the life of 150 human beings]

27:30 en nuestra conciencia.

[on your conscience.]

27:35

[Música]

27:38 Hoy no hay sorteo, no hubo wilson. Este

[There is no lottery today, no ????. This]

27:41 (unintelligible) al principio es el vídeo

[.... at the beginning of the video]

27:43

[Música]

27:45 qué

[that]

27:46 no hubiese querido hacer. Toma conciencia

[I would not like to have made. Take notice]

27:49 por favor. La estructura es lo más

[please. The structure is the most]

27:51 importante.

[important thing.]

27:55 Haremos un minuto de silencio por las

[Let's have a minute of silence for the]

27:58 víctimas de esta tragedia.

[victims of this tragedy.]

 

[jbourne8]

Js5180 - Condos don't do security backups or even install their own security system.. they hire a security company and lots of them include offsite backups these days. I don't really know anything about security tech 20 years ago though. Some security companies will do all of the interfacing with law enforcement too though.. and if you've ever had to prepare security footage for them it's actually a ton of work that most people can't do properly. That's why they'll sometimes hire a company to handle it all beyond just the install.. and offsite backups are actually easier and quicker for them to deal with. Security guys can watch the video and call 911 to report problems, but lots of them struggle to edit videos. If the video is long enough (around 2 minutes of hd video) you have to also re-encode it down to a smaller size or you won't be able to email it as a single video. The police won't usually take an entire hard drive from you for simple burglaries, it has to be a major crime for them to help you that much.

And the security guard is probably the poorest person that was in the building. Without a car, she probably can't get another job. Perhaps she's living with friends, etc.. no one knows her personal story. They all nearly died, including her, which is extremely traumatic and difficult to come back from. Everyone else is getting lots of assistance btw.. the city has setup a receiver to hand them out payments of 2-10k, and between the insurance and selling of the property a judge says they own at least 100 mil (48 in insurance policies and he estimates they can sell the property for 50-60 mil). Money can't do much anyways when you've lost a loved one, all it can do is help these people get their lives back together. If it doesn't sit well with you, don't donate.. it's that simple.

And nah, there was no proof that there was a Tesla in spot 78.. but it had a cover that made it look like it could have been one. Just odd that it was down there when those cars are so dangerous around concrete.

 

[Santos81]

…

Gimena Accardi and Nicolás Vázquez were the last two people in the garage and had just entered the elevator to go up to their unit for the night when the plaza level parking collapsed. At the same time, the fire alarm activated causing the cars to auto recall to the lobby level. Nicolas stated “we only went up one floor.” They were provided expedited replacement documents and a private jet through a well connected friend and returned to Argentina rather quickly. The Zion events/timeline are peculiar but easily rationalized, but deserve scrutiny. The other two, starting to raise red flags given the tiktok video.

The Tesla was crushed and when the battery cells are damaged, they tend to go into thermal runaway as a result. The fire seemed not to start until the next high tide when salt water would be back flowing in from the storm drains. This only makes the fire risk worse.

 

[Santos81]

Which condos are doing off-site backups of days/weeks of security video? I’m gonna say zero.

I do on all my buildings with multiple backups on-site and remotely. Also have real-time remote connection with independent power and data links. I’m not the only one in Miami that does this, but it’s not extremely common either.

 

[Js5180]

Alright, gotcha. I’m trying to keep objective facts separate from speculation. I’m here to read both, of course, as long as I can tell the difference.

 

[jbourne8]

Santos81, Wow, interesting. Yea.. that definitely seems to rule out the Tesla as a cause. That couples story might not be that odd too.. it looks like they're both actors and have been in several movies. It's interesting that they didn't see anything odd down there too, since 111 had been hearing strange noises for around 30 minutes at that point.